Qualitative Cation Tests Essay Example for Free

Qualitative Cation Tests Essay Lab Report Assistant This document is not meant to be a substitute for a formal laboratory report. The Lab Report Assistant is simply a summary of the experiment’s questions, diagrams if needed, and data tables that should be addressed in a formal lab report. The intent is to facilitate students’ writing of lab reports by providing this information in an editable file which can be sent to an instructor. Observations Questions A. Write net ionic equations for all reactions that produce a precipitate. Ag+(aq.) + Cl-(aq.) -ïÆ'   AgCl (s) 2 Ag+(aq.)+ 2OH- ïÆ'   Ag2O (s) + H2O(l) 2 Ag+(aq.)+2NH3+ H2O(l) ïÆ'   Ag2O (s)+ 2NH4+ (aq.) Pb2+(aq.)+2Cl- (aq.) -ïÆ'   PbCl2(s) Pb2+(aq.)+2OH-(aq.) -ïÆ'  Pb(OH)2 (s) Pb2+(aq.)+ 2NH3(aq.)+ H2O(l) ïÆ'   Pb(OH)2 (s)+ 2NH4+ (aq.) Cu2+(aq.) +2OH-(aq.) -ïÆ'   Cu(OH)2 (s) 2Cu2+(aq.)+SO42- (aq.) +2NH3(aq.)+2 H2O(l) ïÆ'   Cu(OH)2.CuSO4(s) +2NH4+ (aq.) Zn2+ (aq.)+ 2OH- (aq.) -ïÆ'   Zn(OH)2 (s) Zn2+ (aq.)+2NH3(aq.)+ H2O(l) ïÆ'   Ag2O (s)+ 2NH4+ (aq.) Fe3+ (aq.)+ 3OH- (aq.) -ïÆ'   Fe(OH)3(s) Fe3+ (aq.)+ 3NH3(aq.)+ 3H2O(l) ïÆ'   Fe(OH)3(s)+ 3NH4+ (aq.) Pb2+(aq.)+ CrO42-(aq.) PbCrO4(s) 2Cu2+(aq.)+[Fe(CN)6]4- (aq.) ïÆ'  Cu2[Fe(CN)6] (s) Zn2+(aq.) + S2-(aq) ïÆ'   ZnS(s) 4Fe3+ (aq.)+3[Fe(CN)6]4- (aq.) -ïÆ'  Fe4[Fe(CN)6]3 (s) Ca2+(aq) + ( COO)22-(aq) ïÆ'   Ca(COO)2 (s) B. Identify the cations that precipitate with hydrochloric acid and dissolve in the presence of ammonia. Ag+ C. Identify the cations that precipitate with hydrochloric acid and do not redissolve in the presence of ammonia. Pb2+ D. Identify the cations that precipitate upon addition of two or three drops of sodium hydroxide but redissolve upon addition of excess sodium hydroxide. Pb2+,Zn2+ E. Identify the cations that precipitate upon addition of two or three drops of sodium hydroxide and are not affected by additional sodium hydroxide. Ag+,Cu2+,Fe3+ F.Identify the cations that precipitate upon addition of two or three drops of aqueous ammonia but redissolve upon addition of excess aqueous ammonia. Ag+,Cu2+,Zn2+ G. Identify the cations that precipitate upon addition of two or three drops of aqueous ammonia and are not affected additional aqueous ammonia. Pb2+,Fe3+ H. What simple test would distinguish Ag+ and Cu2+ ? Upon addition of two or three drops of aqueous ammonia, Ag+ produces brown ppt, which is soluble in the excess reagent, resulting in clear, colorless solution. Upon addition of two or three drops of aqueous ammonia, Cu2+ produces blue ppt, which is soluble in the excess reagent but produces dark blue solution.

Time to Move On :: Personal Narrative Essays

Time to Move On While I was driving to work on a Thursday evening in November at 10:00 p.m., for my first night of training on the graveyard shift at Medical Centers Radiology Department. I was imagining the types of exams that could come to the department from the ER, praying that I would not have to x-ray a drunk or someone that had been in a bad car accident. When I finally arrived to work at 11:00 p.m., I walked through the ER to get to the radiology department. So far the ER was having a really slow night. After putting my things away, I met the technologist (Bob) that I would be working with for the next eight hours. Since the department was so quiet, Bob and I had some time to discuss what the graveyard technologists responsibilities included, such as hanging all the x-rays from the night for the Radiologist to read, and getting the paper work ready for the in hospital portable x-rays to be done at 5:30a.m. before the shift ends at 7:00a.m. Now it was going on 1:00a.m. Bob and I had gotten aquatinted, and I knew all my responsibilities . Since we still had not heard from the ER we both tried to get some sleep. When I was drifting off to sleep, I was hoping that if the ER did call it would only be for easy exams and preferably no drunks. It was 4:00a.m. when I awoke to the ringing of the phone . I knew it was going to be the ER calling to send a patient over for x-rays. When I answered the phone, I was again praying it was something quick and easy. The nurse on the other end of the Line said, "We have a chest x-ray" with a sigh of relief I said, " Send them to room 3 ." After finishing the chest x-ray, I walked the patient back to the ER. This is when I saw what I had been hoping would not happen on my shift. Doctors and nurses were rushing into ER Room 8 where I saw a young man (high school age) laying on a back board with a cervical collar on and his head had been split open.

Literary Devices in The Kite Runner Essay

Symbolism: â€Å"I dream that lawla flowers will bloom in the streets of Kabul again and rubab music will play in the samovar houses and kites will fly in the skies.† Page 218 In his letter to Amir, Hasaan talks about the lawla flowers and music to represent the happiness of Kabul, and the kites now remind him of happiness instead of the bad memories of the past. Simile: â€Å"Like wolves looking at a flock of sheep† Page 219 This is comparing the Talibs to wolves, because they were so mean looking. The greed was in their eyes, and you could see how much it had consumed their thoughts. They were about to attack the house like wolves attacking sheep. Flashback: â€Å"I remember one day we were planting tulips, when I asked Baba if he’d ever consider getting new servants. â€Å"Hassan’s not going anywhere,† he’d barked. He’s staying right here with us where he belongs, this is his home, and we are his family† Page 225 Amir is finally realizing all of the foreshadowing that Hasaan was his brother. He now knows why Baba got mad when he asked about getting new servants, and why he cried when they left. Comparison: â€Å"I feel like a tourist in my own country.† Page 231 Amir compares himself to a tourist, because he is so used to America, and Kabul has changed so much. He doesn’t realize how bad it has truly gotten until he is driving through the middle of Kabul with Farid.

The Chemistry of Diet Sodas and the Effect on Bone Structure - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1468 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2019/02/15 Category Health Essay Level High school Topics: Diet Essay Did you like this example? It is clear that out of the topics that have been outlined have managed to address on the chemistry of diet sodas and the effect on bone structure. The main interest for this is that I am interested to know why diet soda is bad for our bone structure and some of its outcome if used improperly. Also one may venture to know what would happen to our bodies if the minerals that are used to manufacture it do not reach our bones or else the intestines. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Chemistry of Diet Sodas and the Effect on Bone Structure" essay for you Create order It is clear that diet soda have phosphorus which is an ingredient that increases the acidity of one’s blood. In this case one has to put an effort on minimizing it through neutralizing the acidity to your body. Also your body leaches calcium form bones and this leads to loss of over time in most of instances. Due to some of daily beliefs it has been proved that diet sodas can harm the body beyond ones belief. The current research which is linking caramel coloring shows that diet sodas can be used in colas to cancer and one may start to rethink on matters of daily consumption of this drinks which are manufactured frequently in different plant. Also, before one decides to do anything related with its consumption we have to take a keen look of its ingredients. To some of throw in and recent research shows that diet sodas have constantly been thought of as a way to swindler a diet but rather they do really affect one’s body (Martin, 2007). Self-studies shows that diet sodas are not a health substitute for a good old style coke but instead they harm your body even further up to an extend of the bone edifice and most vital make a person increase weight faster and stare obese. Creating of diet soda have been an issue which has been of attentiveness to food manufacturers and also to regulars. Since then, the sugar in soda has been approved to carry numerous calories with no nourishing values and this upsurges the risk of cavities and bone structure effects. In reality, one may think that sugar sweet sodas provide a huge amount of calories to the America rà ©gime but this is not the real facts. Since its introduction most of its effects have appeared on the bones and this has increased human being healthy and arguably diminished weight loss. Chemicals in diet soda There are numerous and diverse categories of diet drinks such as coke, Pepsi and also monster diet drinks. These drinks are manufactured by different industries and due to this they highly use different ingredients which give them different taste. Therefore, some of those ingredients and chemicals include; carbonated water, aspartame, phosphoric acid, potassium citrate, caramel color, caffeine and citric acid. We still have natural flavors which also gives in changes to those different drinks. Its two foremost components are carbonated water and caramel color. The molecular formula for carbonate water is H2CO3and the molecular formula for caramel color becomes C18H9N Na2O8S2. The carbonated water is the one which contains carbon dioxide gas and this gas bases there to be small fizzes in the water. Caramel color is the most obsessive food coloring ingredient used in the sphere and make the sodas to look perfect. It only provides color but not flavor. This color is produced by heating carbohydrates with the food ranking acid like citric or phosphoric acid to cessation in the sugar bonds that exist. It has been known that caramel color has minute side effects as long as somebody does not consume more than 200 mg of it on daily basis. Caramel color has very low caloric content and maximum of it is not engrossed in the gastrointestinal tract. Diet soda have also phosphorus which is a constituent that increase the acidity of one’s blood. Therefore in an effort to counteract this acidity one has to leach calcium from your bones and this may lead to bone loss over a certain duration of time. After one takes in the diet sodas the phosphoric acid goes into your lower intestine and bonds with magnesium, calcium and zinc hence robbing your bones from some of these vital nutrients. Diet sodas also make holes in one’s bones from the chemical which is within it and in reappearance your bone loss mass and convert lighter as time prowess. Caffeine is the most broadly consumed stimulant in the world and befalls in its natural way among other several plants. Caffeine is also methylxanthine which acts as an adenosine receptor block and also as a phosphodiesterase inhibitor. Caffeine has adverse effects on the brain mostly and the nervous system which may be an effect to the bones structure (Heaney, 2002). Also it might lead to tooth decay and loss of bone density hence I may not highly recommend use of diet sodas on daily basis. The other component is the aspartame which is the center for other artificial sweeteners and is used in utmost of diet sodas. Its main reason is that it offers the sweet flavor that most people imagine from those drinks such as the Coca Cola classic and Pepsi. Some of its brand names are Equal, Tri sweet and NutraSweet. It is also accorded that it exceed table sugar by 200 times as it comprises four calories which gives it the penetrating sweetness and permits much of it to be used to make diet sodas. Aspartame is made up of three different chemicals which are; methanol, asparactic acid and phenylalanine. Some of its components are acids and other are alcohol. On average there is high consumption of sodas than fast foods and this creates those effects in future to the bones. It is clear that after one swallows guzzle of diet soda, the aspartame varieties its way to the small intestine. In this state it is fragmented down into its mechanisms which then enter in to the blood. Some of this chemicals later leads to those adverse effect if it is highly consumed. In overall it has been affirmed that usage of this may lead to cancer and other side effects to one’s body immune system. It has been affirmed that those people who use superior amount of artificial sweeteners and diet sodas have high chance of having those negative side effects in their future life. Diet sodas provide in some of these sweet impression which may deter from the pleasure of its natural nature. Some of experts shows that dietary factors can be used to degrade some of this relationship which exist in its components and this may contribute to some of overeating and weight gain especially to those affected. To be more specific it is clear that any relationship that exist shows people who take in more diet sodas lead to unhealthy lifestyles (Pisoschi Pop, A.,2015). Harmful Effects of Diet Sodas According to research, diet sodas have been approved to have adverse effects on one’s body as they are related with lower bone mineral density in children and women as they try to compensate diet soda which constitute of high calorie food and drinks. High consumption of this may lead to parathyroid hormone concentration increase which may lead to those effects. Women have often used diet sodas in an effort to circumvent weight gain, or else they use to starve off hunger and this might cause high increment of calorie in the body hence having side effects. These frequent research shows that parathyroid hormone (PTH) concentrations tend to rise subsequent use of diet soda in children and women on weekly terms. The main objective of this hormone is to upsurge blood calcium which starts to arouse the bone breakdown and as a consequence the calcium is uninvolved from the bone reducing its density (Neel Mudera, 2016). Moreover, it has been perceived that according to the recent experiment it is clear that women aged 20- 45 years were prearranged 25 ounces of diet cola or water in five successive days and their urinary calcium content was unhurried where it was seen that those women who sipped diet cola defecate more calcium than those who drank water. This gave a proof that calcium damage may underlie on the linking between soda which was drank and low bone mineral density. Conclusion In overall it is clear that diet sodas always deteriorate our bones and are connected with kidney dysfunction, diabetes and obesity. Therefore, diet sodas laterally with other sodas are harmful to your body immune system and bones. Diet sodas as it is stated in my analysis of this paper makes your bones mislay calcium which in turn marks your bones lose weight. This procedure is vital as it ensures that the calcium released from the bones into bloodstream.